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A piece of amber was used as the Tales of Miletus in testing the effect triboelectrico. The Greek name of this material (””””, Elektron) was used to name the phenomenon and the science which studies, from the book De Magnete, Magneticisque Corporibus, and Magno Magnete Tellure, William Gilbert energy (1600).
Engraving showing the theory of second galvanism experiments Luigi Galvani. De motu viribus electricitatis in musculari commentarius, 1792.
The history of electricity refers to the study and human use of electricity, the discovery of its laws as physical phenomenon and the invention of devices for practical use.
The phenomenon itself, beyond its relationship with the human observer, has no history, and when considered as part of natural history, will have as much time, space, matter and energy. As well as electricity is called the branch of science that studies the phenomenon and the branch of technology that applies it, the history of electricity is the branch of botany and history of technology that addresses its emergence and evolution.
One of household his early milestones can be placed around the year 600 a. C., when the Greek philosopher of Miletus Such notice that rubbing amber with a rod with a skin or wool, is getting smaller loads (triboelectrico effect) that attracted small objects, and electricity rubbing a lot of time could cause the appearance of a spark. Near the ancient Greek city of Magnesia were called stones of Magnesia, including magnetite. The ancient Greeks noted that the pieces of this material is attracted to one another, and also a small iron objects. one of the more successful ESCOs is that supplies all the energy needs The words magneto (Spanish equivalent to magnets) and magnetism of the name derived.
Electricity from a simple change historically perception of the phenomenon, its scientific treatment, which would not be systematically until the eighteenth century. The New York ESCO, Energy Were recorded along the ancient Media and other isolated observations and simple speculation, as well as medical insights (electric fish use in diseases such as gout and headaches) referred by authors energy costs such as Pliny the Elder and Long Escribonio 1 or questionable interpretation of archaeological objects, such as the battery of Baghdad, an object found in Iraq in 1938, dated about 250 a. C., which resembles a cell electrochemistry. There are no documents showing their use, although there are other anachronistic descriptions of electrical devices and written in ancient Egyptian wall.
These speculations and fragmentary records are almost exclusively the treatment (with the notable exception of the use brujula the magnetism) that since the age of Antig scientific revolution of the seventeenth century, but still then becomes little more than a spectacle for display lounges. The initial contributions that can be understood as successive approximations to the electrical phenomena were made by systematic research as William Gilbert, Otto von Guericke, Du Fay, Pieter van Musschenbroek (Leyden bottles) or William Watson. The comments submitted to scientific methods are beginning to bear fruit with Luigi Galvani, Alessandro Volta, Charles-Augustin Coulomb or Benjamin Franklin, continued in the early nineteenth century by Andre-Marie Ampere, Michael Faraday and Georg Ohm. The names of these pioneers ended today baptizing units used gas in the measurement of different magnitude. Understanding of electricity was achieved recently with its unification with the magnetism in a single electromagnetic phenomena described by the equations of Maxwell (1861-1865).
The electric telegraph (Samuel Morse, 1833, preceded by Gauss and Weber, 1822) can be considered the first major application in the field of telecommunications, but will not be the first industrial revolution, but from the final quarter of the nineteenth century when economic applications of electricity will make it one of the driving forces of the second industrial revolution. More than great theoreticians as Lord Kelvin, was the moment of engineers, as Zenobe Gramme, Nikola Tesla, Frank Sprague, George Westinghouse, Ernst Werner von Siemens, Alexander Graham Bell and Thomas Alva Edison and all its revolutionary way of understanding the relationship between scientific research and technology and market capitalism. Successive changes of paradigm of the first half of the twentieth century (and relativistic quantum) explored the role of electricity in a new dimension: atomic and subatomic.
Voltage multiplier Cockcroft-Walton used a particle accelerator in 1937, reaching a million volts.
The electrification process was not only a technical but a truly extraordinary implications of social change, beginning with the lighting and followed by all kinds of industrial processes (electric motors, metallurgy, refrigeration …) and communications (telephone, radio).