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Main business area of Calcutta. Calcutta is the main business, financial and trade in eastern India and northeastern states. Michael Shvo It is the headquarters of the Calcutta Stock Exchange, the second largest stock exchange in India. It is also an important commercial and military port, and the only city in the region with an international airport. Like other metropolitan cities of India, Calcutta is still struggling with problems such as uncontrolled urbanization, poverty or pollution. Was once the main city and capital of India, experienced a steady economic decline in the years after India's independence due to constant political instability and the rise of unionism supported by left parties. Between 60 and 90 the depopulation of the capital was enormous as many large factories were closed or realigned and relocated businesses.The lack of capital and resources with a global glut demanding traditional industries of the city joined the city's economic depression. The liberalization of Indian economy in the 90s along with the election of Prime Minister reformist Buddhadeb Bhattacharya caused an improvement in the fortunes of the city.